When working with a graphic designer, you will see words like "vector" and "raster" when referring to file types. These correspond with file extensions like .png, .jpg, and .svg. What do these mean, and which files should you use?
We can’t really answer the question “which file is better?” because each file has a different purpose. But we can tell you what they each mean and the best times to use each file type.
Vector files are images that use mathematical formulas to preserve its detail when scaled. This means that no matter how large you make the image, you will never see pixels. However, not all programs can read these files, and highly complex images may not be fully accurate.
Raster files are images that are comprised of pixels. They are better at showing complex color variations and nuances, but they become fuzzy when scaled up. These files can be exported at higher resolutions, but with these resolution increases comes higher file sizes.
Vector and raster files are both great for different purposes, which is why both are integral to graphic design. Below are the most common file types and what they are best used for.
Vector Files
Adobe Illustrator (AI) files are called “source files” because these are the original editable files from Adobe Illustrator. Graphic designers work with these files to make any designs and edits you need. Adobe Illustrator is required to open and edit these files.
Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG) files are great for online use. Logos and charts are often SVGs. However, complexity is limited for SVG files and not all programs can open them.
Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files are also great for logos and illustrations that are scaled up. EPS files are generally better for printing than SVGs. Once again, there is a limit to what programs can open EPS files.
Portable Document Format (PDF) files are great for saving and sharing documents. They can be shared online as attachments, and if formatted correctly, these are great files to print professionally. However, these files are not good for logos, and they may not upload or embed in some websites/software.
Raster Files
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG/JPG) files are very common image file types and have lots of color depth. They do have a lot of compression, however, and aren’t ideal for resizing. These file types are great for printing if resizing is not a factor.
Portable Network Graphic (PNG) files are better for more text- and line-based files than photographs. These files support transparency, so they are the best raster file for logos. These files are also more suited for web than printing. These files do have a higher resolution than JPG files.
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) files are moving images that can be fun to use online. They may also be embedded in locations that do not support video, but not all sites support GIF files and will instead convert them to a still image. Outside of these parameters, GIF files aren’t ideal for print or web use because the resolution is so low.
As you can see, these files are all very different and they each have a place where they can thrive. When working with a graphic designer, it is important to discuss which files you will receive.
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